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What is coal?

Coal is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon-based fossil fuel found throughout the world. It is the most abundant fossil fuel and is second only to oil as an energy source. Coal consists primarily of carbon with lesser amounts of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur.

Coal is classified, or ranked, according to the degree to which the plant material from which it was formed has transformed into carbon, as well as its moisture content, and its sulphur content.

Increasing carbon content decreasing water content
Hard coal   Anthracite
  • ~ 1% of world supply
  • domestic and industrial uses
    Bituminous
  • 51% of world supply
  • power generation, industrial uses
Low rank coal   Sub-bituminous
  • 28% of world supply
  • power generation, industrial uses
    Lignite
  • 20% of world supply
  • primarily power generation

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